The Houstonian's guide to flash flooding, dubbed 'most dangerous' flood type

We've all seen the signs encouraging drivers to avoid certain roads during heavy rains, but flash flooding remains the leading cause of weather-related deaths in the U.S.,according to theNational Weather Service.

Flash floods arethe most dangerous kind of floods,according to the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and result in the highest fatalities. In densely populated urban areas like Houston, this type of flooding ismost severe,the National Weather Service reports.

Houston's abundance of concrete structures including roads, highway underpasses and parking lots increase the likelihood of flash floods because water runoff is increased compared to natural terrains. Eventhe city's numerous bayous are lined in concrete, a move officials say helps move water to the coast but critics challenge as harmful.

The first step to avoiding flash flooding danger is to avoid being out in flash floods altogether but these floods occur in the minutes to hours after heavy rain and are characterized by their sudden nature. Here's what to do if you find yourself driving during a flash flood.

Turn to NOAA Weather Radio

Here in Houston, tune in to KGG-68 at 162.400 MHz, or usethis statewide list to find the NWR station for your area.The station will keep you abreast of flood warnings and aware of the severity of the situation. Many flash floods occur at night and during low visibility, making warnings even more significant. Never risk driving on even a shallow flooded road, as the road bed can wash away and create extremely dangerous conditions that may strand or trap the vehicle.

Avoid even shallow water

Drivers of cars both large and small should always avoid flooded areas, even when they appear to be shallow. TheNWS reportseven large cars such as SUVs or trucks can stall in just six inches of water, while two feet is enough to carry away most vehicles. Avoid bridges, highway dips and low areas.

Climb to higher ground

The NWS warns that a difference of just seconds may determine whether you can save yourself from floodwaters, so leave for higher ground if you see a flash flood warning. If you're at work or elsewhere that's not prone to floodwaters, stay put. Never drive on flooded roads, around barricades or through flowing streams. Don't park your vehicle near streams or washes. And don't attempt to walk or swim through water unless trapped, as even shallow fast-moving water can sweep you away.

Leave a stalled vehicle immediately

As the NWS warns, vehicles can stall easily when confronted with even inches of water. If you find yourself in a stalled automobile due to rising water, abandon the vehicle immediately and get to higher ground. The biggest risk in this situation is the car being engulfed or swept away, drowning occupants. Nearly half of all flash flooding fatalities are auto-related, the NWS reports.

Escape a flooding vehicle (and keep this tool handy)

If you're ever at the critical point of needing to escape a vehicle trapped in floodwaters, keep calm. The Houston police recommend not calling 911, as you'll have 30 seconds to on minute to exit the vehicle. First, unbuckle your seatbelt and make sure to open the window as soon as you hit water. Open the door immediately water pressure from the outside will build in seconds, making it nearly impossible to open. Shatter the window if you can't open it or the door, and swim out of the car.

Police recommend keeping an emergency tool on hand to assist with breaking out of your vehicle, specifically one with a hardened steel tip and recessed seatbelt cutter. You'll be able to cut your setbelt off and shatter tempered glass (but not laminated) windows.

Know what to look out for

Most of us receive push notifications regarding extreme weather on our smartphones, but do you know what each designation means and the order of severity?

When it comes to flash flooding, the NWS says to look (or listen) for:

• A flash flood watch, which indicates flooding is possible in a specific area.
• A flash flood warning, which means flooding has already been reported or is impending. Take precautions.
• Urban and small stream advisory, which refers to ongoing flooding of streets, small streams, storm drains, railroad underpasses and low-lying areas.

• When it comes to flash flooding , the NWS summarizes its advice as Head for higher ground and stay away from flood waters! After the event, usethis guide from Chron to best deal with flood-damaged vehicles. Just remember, it's better to be wet and even car-less than to risk your life.

*Houston Chronicle